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# search.py
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# ---------
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# Licensing Information: You are free to use or extend these projects for
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# educational purposes provided that (1) you do not distribute or publish
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# solutions, (2) you retain this notice, and (3) you provide clear
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# attribution to UC Berkeley, including a link to http://ai.berkeley.edu.
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#
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# Attribution Information: The Pacman AI projects were developed at UC Berkeley.
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# The core projects and autograders were primarily created by John DeNero
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# (denero@cs.berkeley.edu) and Dan Klein (klein@cs.berkeley.edu).
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# Student side autograding was added by Brad Miller, Nick Hay, and
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# Pieter Abbeel (pabbeel@cs.berkeley.edu).
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"""
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In search.py, you will implement generic search algorithms which are called by
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Pacman agents (in searchAgents.py).
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"""
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import util
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# user made functions
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class SearchProblem:
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"""
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This class outlines the structure of a search problem, but doesn't implement
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any of the methods (in object-oriented terminology: an abstract class).
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You do not need to change anything in this class, ever.
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"""
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def getStartState(self):
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"""
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Returns the start state for the search problem.
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"""
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util.raiseNotDefined()
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def isGoalState(self, state):
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"""
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state: Search state
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Returns True if and only if the state is a valid goal state.
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"""
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util.raiseNotDefined()
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def getSuccessors(self, state):
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"""
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state: Search state
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For a given state, this should return a list of triples, (successor,
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action, stepCost), where 'successor' is a successor to the current
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state, 'action' is the action required to get there, and 'stepCost' is
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the incremental cost of expanding to that successor.
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"""
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util.raiseNotDefined()
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def getCostOfActions(self, actions):
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"""
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actions: A list of actions to take
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This method returns the total cost of a particular sequence of actions.
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The sequence must be composed of legal moves.
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"""
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util.raiseNotDefined()
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def tinyMazeSearch(problem):
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"""
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Returns a sequence of moves that solves tinyMaze. For any other maze, the
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sequence of moves will be incorrect, so only use this for tinyMaze.
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"""
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from game import Directions
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s = Directions.SOUTH
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w = Directions.WEST
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return [s, s, w, s, w, w, s, w]
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def baseSearchFunction(problem, data_structure):
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"""
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Since the implementation of a Depth First Search and Breadth First Search
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are nearly identical, we can simply switch the date structure based on the
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order we recieve our nodes; i.e. change the direction we pop, push nodes.
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"""
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# The path that takes us from the start node to the destination
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answer_path = []
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# Set the open_nodes data structure as either a Stack (DFS) or Queue (BFS)
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open_nodes = data_structure()
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# Add the starting state and the empty list to our open nodes
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open_nodes.push((problem.getStartState(), answer_path))
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# Initialize closed nodes to contain nothing
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closed_nodes = []
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# While there is at least one item in our open_nodes
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while(not open_nodes.isEmpty()):
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# Assign current_node and answer_path to an element from one side of the list
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current_node, answer_path = open_nodes.pop()
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# If our current node isn't closed
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if(current_node not in closed_nodes):
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# Add the current node to the set of closed nodes
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closed_nodes.append(current_node)
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# If we're at the destination
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if(problem.isGoalState(current_node)):
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# Return the path we used to get here
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return answer_path
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# Set successors equal to the children of the current node
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successors = problem.getSuccessors(current_node)
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# For each successor
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for state in successors:
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#Set the node, path equal to the node and path of the state (We're not concerned about the cost)
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node, path, _ = state
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#If the current node isn't in the set of closed nodes
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if(node not in closed_nodes):
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# Add the node and path to the set of open nodes
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open_nodes.push((node, answer_path + [path]))
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#Return the 'best' answer_path we could find; If we're returning here, we didn't find the destination
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return answer_path
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def depthFirstSearch(problem):
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"""Search the deepest nodes in the search tree first."""
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#Use a stack in order to perform a Depth First Search
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return baseSearchFunction(problem, util.Stack)
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def breadthFirstSearch(problem):
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"""Search the shallowest nodes in the search tree first."""
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#Use a Queue in order to perform a Breadth First Search
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return baseSearchFunction(problem, util.Queue)
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def uniformCostSearch(problem):
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"""Search the node of least total cost first."""
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"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
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util.raiseNotDefined()
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def nullHeuristic(state, problem=None):
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"""
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A heuristic function estimates the cost from the current state to the nearest
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goal in the provided SearchProblem. This heuristic is trivial.
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"""
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return 0
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def aStarSearch(problem, heuristic=nullHeuristic):
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"""Search the node that has the lowest combined cost and heuristic first."""
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"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
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util.raiseNotDefined()
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# Abbreviations
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bfs = breadthFirstSearch
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dfs = depthFirstSearch
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astar = aStarSearch
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ucs = uniformCostSearch
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